Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

The idea that plants have some degree of consciousness first took root in the early 2000s; the term "plant neurobiology" was  1 around the notion that some aspects of plant hehavior could be 2 to intelligence in animals. 3 plants lack brains, the firing of electrical signals in their stems and leaves nonetheless triggered responses that  4  consciousness, researchers previously reported.

But such an idea is untrue, according to a new Opinion article. Plant biology is complex and fascinating, but it  5  so greatly from that of animals that the so-called  6  of plants' intelligence is inconclusive, the authors wrote.

Beginning in 2006, some scientists have 7 that plants possess neuron-like cells that interact with hormones and neurotransmitters,  8  "a plant nervous system,  9  to that in animals, " said lead study author Lincoln Taiz, "They  10  claimed that plants have ' brain-like command centers ' at their root tips."

This  11 makes sense if you simplify the workings of a complex brain, 12 it to an array of electrical pulses; cells in plants also communicate through electrical signals.

13   , the signaling in a plant is only  14  similar to the firing in a complex animal brain, which is more than "a mass of cells that communicate by electricity, " Taiz said.

"For consciousness to evolve. a brain with a threshold  15  of complexity and capacity is required, " he 16 . " Since plants 'don't have nervous systems, the 17 that they have consciousness are effectively zero. "

And what's so great about consciousness, anyway? Plants can't run away from  18 , so investing energy in a body system which 19 a threat and can feel pain would be a very 20 evolutionary strategy, according to the article.

1. [A] coined  [B] discovered  [C] collected  [D] issued

2.[A] attributed [B] directed  [C] compared  [D] confined

3.[A] Unless  [B] When   [C] Once   [D] Though

4.[A] coped with [B] consisted of   [C] hinted at   [D] extended to

5.[A] suffers  [B] benefits  [C] develops  [D] differs

6.[A] acceptance [B] evidence  [C] cultivation  [D] creation

7.[A] doubted  [B] denied  [C] argued  [D] requested

8.[A] adapting  [B] forming  [C] repairing  [D] testing

9.[A] analogous [B] essential  [C] suitable  [D] sensitive

10. [A] just  [B] ever   [C] still   [D] even

11. [A] restriction [B] experiment [C]perspective  [D] demand

12. [A] attaching [B] reducing  [C] returning  [D] exposing

13. [A] However [B] Moreover  [C] Therefore  [D]Otherwise

14. [A] temporarily [B] literally  [C] superficially [D]imaginarily

15. [A] list  [B] level   [C] label   [D] local

16. [A] recalled [B] agreed  [C] questioned  [D] added

17. [A] chances [B] risks   [C] excuses  [D] assumptions

18.[A] danger  [B] failure  [C] warning  [D] control

19. [A] represents [B] includes  [C] reveals  [D] recognizes

20. [A] humble [B] poor   [C] practical  [D] easy